Letter written in 1615 by Galileo Galilei Lorena Cristina, Duchess of Tuscany, which desperately seeks to defend the allegations made by the Holy Inquisition.
The Lady Serene Grand Duchess Mother:
few years ago, as you know your serene highness, I discovered in the heavens many things not seen before our age. The novelty of such things, and certain consequences that followed from them, contrary to the physical notions commonly supported by academic philosophers, launched against me quite a few teachers, as if I had put these things in the sky with my own hands, to disturb and disrupt the nature of science, forgetting, in a way that the multiplication of the findings concur progress of research, development and consolidation of science, and not weakening or destruction. To show more enthusiasm for their own views of truth, tried to deny and disprove the new things, if they had been dedicated to regard with attention, should have been rooting for their existence. To this end, several local offices and published some writings filled with vain arguments, and made the terrible mistake of splashing with passages from the Scriptures, which had not properly understood and that do not correspond to the issues ...
... These adversaries try to discredit by all possible means. Know that my studies of astronomy and philosophy have led me to say with regard to wing up in the world, the sun, without change of place, remains located in the center of the revolution of celestial orbits, and that the Earth rotates on itself and moves around the Sun also warn that such a position not only destroys the arguments of Ptolemy and Aristotle, but it brings consequences that provide insights into whether many natural effects which otherwise would not know how to explain, as some recent astronomical discoveries, which radically contradict the Ptolemaic system and confirm the Copernican beautifully ...
... would point it was known to recognize that the author never try it matters affecting religion or faith, and that there are no arguments that depend on the authority of Holy Scripture, which eventually could have played bad, but always complies natural conclusions, regarding celestial motions, based on astronomical and geometrical demonstrations and experiences that come from reasonable minuciosísimas and observations. This does not mean that Copernicus has not paid attention to the passages of Scripture, but once well demonstrated his doctrine, was certainly persuaded that in any way could be in conflict with Scripture, since they were properly understood ...
I revere those authorities and will I have the utmost respect, considered extremely daring to contradict them, but at the same time, I think it is a mistake to speak when they have reason to believe that some in his own interest, try to use a sense different from that which interprets the Holy Church. Therefore, with a solemn affirmation (and I think that my sincerity will manifest itself), I would reject not only the errors which could fall into the field of matters relating to religion, without or declare also that I will not engage in any discussion on these matters or even if they might give rise to interpretations away from my personal career, were to be some capable of inducing others to make a useful warning for the Holy Church with respect to the uncertainty of the Copernican system, take me that this point is taken into account, and he cast them from the party that the authorities consider desirable, otherwise, my writings are torn or burned, I do not intend for them to reap the fruit to make me betray my faithfulness to the Catholic faith. Besides, even with my own ears have heard a lot of things he has said here, I willingly grant them to those who said they might not have said, if they please, and I confess to have been able to understand evil, and therefore not attributed to them that I hold, but those who share that view.
The reason, therefore, that they claim to condemn the theory of mobility and stability Tierra del Sol is as follows: to read to many passages of Scripture that the sun moves and the Earth is stationary and they can not never lie or err, it follows that it is wrong and condemned the statement quine intend to apply for the sun and the earth is still moving. Against this view would I object to is and has been blessed this, and established with prudence, that in no case shall the Scriptures can be wrong, provided they are properly interpreted, do not think anyone can deny that many times the pure meaning of the words is hidden and is very different from its sound. Therefore, it is not surprising that one to interpret them, staying, to appear in the Scriptures not only contradictions and assumptions unrelated to the above, but also heresies and blasphemies with which we have to give to God feet, hands and eyes, and also the physical and human feelings such as anger, sorrow, hate, and maybe even forget the past and ignorance of what is to come . And with those proposals, inspired by the Holy Spirit, were developed in this way by the holy prophets in order to better adapt to the capacity of the vulgar, rude and unruly lot, just as is the work of those outside the ranks of the people, the reach deeply into the true meaning and show the reasons why they are written with such words. This view has been much discussed and specified by all theologians, it is redundant to reason for it.
The Lady Serene Grand Duchess Mother:
few years ago, as you know your serene highness, I discovered in the heavens many things not seen before our age. The novelty of such things, and certain consequences that followed from them, contrary to the physical notions commonly supported by academic philosophers, launched against me quite a few teachers, as if I had put these things in the sky with my own hands, to disturb and disrupt the nature of science, forgetting, in a way that the multiplication of the findings concur progress of research, development and consolidation of science, and not weakening or destruction. To show more enthusiasm for their own views of truth, tried to deny and disprove the new things, if they had been dedicated to regard with attention, should have been rooting for their existence. To this end, several local offices and published some writings filled with vain arguments, and made the terrible mistake of splashing with passages from the Scriptures, which had not properly understood and that do not correspond to the issues ...
... These adversaries try to discredit by all possible means. Know that my studies of astronomy and philosophy have led me to say with regard to wing up in the world, the sun, without change of place, remains located in the center of the revolution of celestial orbits, and that the Earth rotates on itself and moves around the Sun also warn that such a position not only destroys the arguments of Ptolemy and Aristotle, but it brings consequences that provide insights into whether many natural effects which otherwise would not know how to explain, as some recent astronomical discoveries, which radically contradict the Ptolemaic system and confirm the Copernican beautifully ...
... would point it was known to recognize that the author never try it matters affecting religion or faith, and that there are no arguments that depend on the authority of Holy Scripture, which eventually could have played bad, but always complies natural conclusions, regarding celestial motions, based on astronomical and geometrical demonstrations and experiences that come from reasonable minuciosísimas and observations. This does not mean that Copernicus has not paid attention to the passages of Scripture, but once well demonstrated his doctrine, was certainly persuaded that in any way could be in conflict with Scripture, since they were properly understood ...
I revere those authorities and will I have the utmost respect, considered extremely daring to contradict them, but at the same time, I think it is a mistake to speak when they have reason to believe that some in his own interest, try to use a sense different from that which interprets the Holy Church. Therefore, with a solemn affirmation (and I think that my sincerity will manifest itself), I would reject not only the errors which could fall into the field of matters relating to religion, without or declare also that I will not engage in any discussion on these matters or even if they might give rise to interpretations away from my personal career, were to be some capable of inducing others to make a useful warning for the Holy Church with respect to the uncertainty of the Copernican system, take me that this point is taken into account, and he cast them from the party that the authorities consider desirable, otherwise, my writings are torn or burned, I do not intend for them to reap the fruit to make me betray my faithfulness to the Catholic faith. Besides, even with my own ears have heard a lot of things he has said here, I willingly grant them to those who said they might not have said, if they please, and I confess to have been able to understand evil, and therefore not attributed to them that I hold, but those who share that view.
The reason, therefore, that they claim to condemn the theory of mobility and stability Tierra del Sol is as follows: to read to many passages of Scripture that the sun moves and the Earth is stationary and they can not never lie or err, it follows that it is wrong and condemned the statement quine intend to apply for the sun and the earth is still moving. Against this view would I object to is and has been blessed this, and established with prudence, that in no case shall the Scriptures can be wrong, provided they are properly interpreted, do not think anyone can deny that many times the pure meaning of the words is hidden and is very different from its sound. Therefore, it is not surprising that one to interpret them, staying, to appear in the Scriptures not only contradictions and assumptions unrelated to the above, but also heresies and blasphemies with which we have to give to God feet, hands and eyes, and also the physical and human feelings such as anger, sorrow, hate, and maybe even forget the past and ignorance of what is to come . And with those proposals, inspired by the Holy Spirit, were developed in this way by the holy prophets in order to better adapt to the capacity of the vulgar, rude and unruly lot, just as is the work of those outside the ranks of the people, the reach deeply into the true meaning and show the reasons why they are written with such words. This view has been much discussed and specified by all theologians, it is redundant to reason for it.
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